1.设置自定义投影，Settings->Custom Projections

PROJCRS["QinghaiTibet_Ortho",
  BASEGEOGCRS["WGS 84",
    DATUM["World Geodetic System 1984",
      ELLIPSOID["WGS 84",6378137,298.257223563]],
    ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],
  CONVERSION["Orthographic_QTP",
    METHOD["Orthographic (Spherical)"],
    PARAMETER["Longitude of natural origin",88,
      ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],
    PARAMETER["Latitude of natural origin",33,
      ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],
    PARAMETER["False easting",0,LENGTHUNIT["metre",1]],
    PARAMETER["False northing",0,LENGTHUNIT["metre",1]]],
  CS[Cartesian,2],
    AXIS["easting (E)",east],
    AXIS["northing (N)",north],
    LENGTHUNIT["metre",1],
  USAGE[
    SCOPE["Orthographic view centered on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau"],
    AREA["China - Qinghai-Tibet Plateau"],
    BBOX[26,73,40,105]]
]

2.下载底图

https://science.nasa.gov/earth/earth-observatory/blue-marble-next-generation/base-topography-bathymetry/

3.下载经纬线（里面的Graticules）

https://www.naturalearthdata.com/downloads/10m-physical-vectors/

4.切换到自定义的projection